Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Proper Head Protection Training

Types of Head Protection:

• Hard Hats (Type I and Type II):

  • Type I: Protects against impacts from above.  

  • Type II: Protects against impacts from above and the sides.

  • Made from durable materials like high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or fiberglass.  

  • Include a suspension system inside to absorb impact.  

  • Available in various classes (e.g., Class E for electrical hazards).  

• Bump Caps:

  • Lightweight caps that provide protection against minor bumps and scrapes.  

  • Not intended for protection against falling objects or high-impact forces.  

  • Typically include a chin strap to keep the helmet on wearers head while crawling.

  • Useful in tight spaces where head impacts are likely.  

• Welding Helmets:

  • Specifically designed to protect against intense light, heat, and sparks from welding.  

  • Often feature auto-darkening lenses.  

• Climbing Helmets:

  • Designed for work at height, offering protection against impacts and falling objects.  

  • Often feature chin straps for a secure fit. 

When Head Protection Should Be Worn:

• Construction Sites:

  • Anywhere there's a risk of falling objects, impacts, or electrical hazards.  

  • Demolition, framing, roofing, excavation, and heavy equipment operation.

  • Working under scaffolding or overhead structures.  

• Restoration Projects:

  • Demolition associated with mold remediation, as well as fire & water damage cleanup.

  • Working in confined spaces where head strikes against hard or sharp objects could harm an employee.

  • Working in areas with overhead hazards.  

  • Any situation with a risk of falling debris or impacts.  

• Industrial Settings:

  • Manufacturing, warehousing, and material handling. 

  • Working with machinery or overhead equipment.

• Any time that OSHA requires it.

Risks of Not Wearing Head Protection:

• Skull Fractures:

  • Severe cracks or breaks in the skull from impacts.

  • Can lead to brain damage or death.

• Concussions:

  • Traumatic brain injuries caused by impacts to the head.

  • Can result in headaches, dizziness, memory loss, and other neurological problems.

• Lacerations and Contusions:

  • Cuts, scrapes, and bruises to the scalp and head.  

  • Can be severe and require medical attention.

• Penetration Injuries:

  • Sharp objects penetrating the skull, causing severe brain injury.  

• Electrical Shocks:

  • Contact with live electrical wires can cause severe burns, cardiac arrest, or death.  

• Brain Damage:

  • Any of the above injuries can lead to permanent brain damage.

• Death:

  • Head injuries are a leading cause of fatalities in construction and other industries.

Key Considerations:

• Proper Fit:

  • Ensure the hard hat fits snugly and comfortably.

  • Adjust the suspension system for a secure fit.

• Regular Inspection:

  • Inspect hard hats for cracks, dents, or other damage before each use.  

  • Replace damaged hard hats immediately.

• Class and Type:

  • Select the appropriate class and type of hard hat for the specific hazards present.

• Accessories:

  • Use compatible accessories, such as chin straps or earmuffs.

• Lifespan:

  • Follow the manufacturer's guidelines on the lifespan of the hard hat.

• ANSI Standards:

  • Ensure that the hard hat meets ANSI Z89.1 standards.

Hazards in Crawlspaces that Necessitate Hard Hats:

• Low Overhead Clearance:

  • Crawlspaces are inherently tight, meaning workers are constantly at risk of bumping their heads against joists, pipes, ductwork, or the underside of the subfloor.

• Sharp Objects and Protrusions:

  • Nails, screws, pipe strapping, and other sharp objects may protrude from the framing or subfloor, posing a risk of lacerations or puncture wounds.

• Falling Debris:

  • Debris, or even small tools can become dislodged from above and fall onto workers heads.

  • Sometimes there is work being done above the crawlspace, that can have tools, or parts dropped.

• Confined Space Hazards:

  • Despite the crawls space having little risk of head contact while working, the egress point may cause head strikes.

• Unexpected Movement:

  • When moving around in a tight space, it is easy to become disoriented, or off balance, and strike your head.

Why a Hard Hat is Necessary:

• Impact Protection:

  • A hard hat provides a barrier against impacts, preventing or minimizing head injuries from bumps, scrapes, and falling objects.

• Laceration Prevention:

  • It shields the head from sharp objects, reducing the risk of cuts and punctures.

• Added Safety in Low-Light Conditions:

  • Crawlspaces are often dimly lit, making it difficult to see potential hazards. A hard hat provides an extra layer of protection in these conditions.

• Compliance:

  • Depending on the specific work being performed and the overall job site safety plan, wearing a hard hat in a crawlspace might be a mandatory requirement.

Practical Considerations:

• Bump Caps vs. Hard Hats:

  • In very tight crawlspaces, a bump cap might be considered as an alternative if the primary risk is minor bumps and scrapes. However, if there's any risk of falling objects or significant impacts, a hard hat is always preferable.

• Proper Fit: Ensure the hard hat fits snugly and comfortably to avoid it shifting or falling off in the confined space.